Effects on having a broken family in education Essay

INTRODUCTION Background of the study Family is the basic unit of society. It is one of the most essential component of a nation. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the mother, father and their children (Beckford 2010). Children  from broken families are nearly five times more likely to suffer mental troubles than those whose parents stay together. According to Dounghty, (2008), it also showed that two parents are much better than one if children are to avoid slipping into emotional distress and anti-social behavior and also looked at conduct disorders which result in aggressive, violent or anti-social behavior. Children whose parents split in this generation are more than four and a half times more-likely to have developed an emotional disorder than one whose parents stayed together. Several findings said that children’s family backgrounds are as important – if not more so – than whether their home is poor, workless, has bad health, or has no one with any educational qualifications. The effects, however, are more focused on the children. Premarital sexual activities is one of the major effects of splitting of families, sometimes with only one parent guiding, the child has more chance of rebelling against his/her parent. Also, increase in financial problem, hatred and anger builds up from families who experience distraught in their relationships. Education is also an area wherein stark differences in the outcomes for those who had been in a broken home are created. According to Lann (2010) for 18- to 24-year-olds, 62 per cent of those who experienced parental divorce/separation during their childhood completed 12 years of education compared with 77 per cent of those whose parents did not. Hence, this study was conducted in the College of Computing Education Department in University of Mindanao in order to evaluate the effects and to determine what student do to lessen the suffering of having a broken family, and how to overcome the effects on their academic performance. Statement of the Problem Theoretical Framework The concept of effects of having a broken family. According to glenn (2010) broken family varies from numerous reasons why it had to be that way. But usually, misunderstanding starts from simple domestic quarrel that grows impertinently damaging the long-forged relationship between the family  members. When a couple split up, it is the children that are greatly affected scarring them physically, emotionally and socially. Marla (2014) says broken family students failed to handle the curriculum. This failure includes various aspects of educational failure such as rebellion, frequent absence from classes, dropping out and many more. Studies have shown that people shown that people with academic failure are more probable to rebel and use drugs at older ages; therefore, academic failure and dropout might result to rebellion, drug, and alcohol addictions. Living in single parent is difficult because there’s a need of love, care, and fulfilment of the duty of both parents. If the role of each parent is broken it will damage and have a great impact to the student, on how will the student live with it. If one of the parent will left due of miss understanding circumstances and will lead to divorce households and responsibilities there is an effect to the relationship to other member of family. If that’s the case, it will depend to the children and parent who take care of the child if managing a households and responsibilities will reflect a positive or negative outcomes in their situation. Conceptual framework Significance of the Study The results of this study is beneficial to the students who encounter this situation and for those who criticize and oppress them in terms of bullying, and for teachers to understand the problems that each student facing in their daily lives and to determine a better solution or comfort for those students encountering who have been in burden and advices from those who have suffered but found a way to lessen the burden. It could also help the society to have a better understanding on the norm who are suffering from a broken family Scope and Limitations The study will be concentrated on the students of the College of Computing Education Department. The data will be gathered using questionnaire method and will be conducted at The University of Mindanao Matina Campus, Davao City. The questioning will be performed on the convenience of the students.  The respondents will be chosen according to the referrals of the previous respondent. It is also limited because of the sensitiveness and confidentiality of our respondents. Operational Definition of Terms Family – a group of people united by certain convictions or a common affiliation. Household – consists of one or more people who live in the same dwelling and also share at meals or living accommodation, and may consist of a single family or some other grouping of people. Broken Families – a broken family consists of a biological family that has separated for specific reasons that may result in single-parent families, stepfamilies or blended families.

Cognitive development and Aging Paper Essay

As people age their bodies go through a lot of changes physically as well as psychologically. As humans age normally they undergo changes in their brain which affect cognitive functioning and development. Each person is different so the age-related changes in the structure of the brain and in its function as well as in cognition and cognitive domains are not uniform across the whole brain, nor are the uniform across individuals. This means that some of the changes that a person goes through due to aging another person may not experience. The two basic cognitive functions that are affected most by a person aging is attention and memory (Glisky, 2007). The thing that a person needs to know is that memory and attention are not unitary functions; there are multiple parts to both functions some of which may not be affected by a person aging while others are affected. According to the Glisky (2007), perception in a person as the person ages declines due to declining sensory capacities whic h can impact the cognitive functions later in a person. Perception is a person’s senses such as touch, sight, taste, and smells which is why some people believe that it is actually a precognition function. According to Anderson (2010), perception is the sensory experience of the world around individuals which involve recognition of environmental stimuli as well as actions in response to the stimuli. What this means is that as a person goes through life they recognize things such as sounds, smells, people, etc. and they react accordingly to these things based on their perceptions of them. When this function starts to decline with a person’s age the person starts to lose the ability to recognize things. Attention is a basic cognitive process but a complex one that has multiple sub-processes for different aspects of attention processes (Glisky, 2007). Attention is involved in almost all of the other cognitive domains in some way or another, up until a person starts to preform automatic or habitual  behaviors. Up until the time a person is completely tasks or behaviors that have become habit, such as knowing how much milk to put into a person’s coffee, then attention is inv olved in nearly all aspects. This means that as a person starts to age and their attention begins to decline there are broad-reaching effects that take place to a person’s ability to function efficiently and adequately in daily life (Glisky, 2007). Of attention divided attention has shown to have a significant decline in performance when linked with a person’s increase of age, especially when the tasks people are being asked to complete become more complex. According to Anderson (2010), as adults age significant impairments become apparent on their attentional tasks especially those requiring the person to divide or switch attention among different tasks or multiple inputs. While older adults tend to be slower on performance tasks then younger adults they are not impaired by distraction being able to maintain concentration for a concentrated period of time. According to Anderson (2010), older adults tend to show impairment on task which requires flexible control of attention, a cognitive function associated with the frontal lobes of the brain. What this means that if a person has to have attention divided among two or more processes or the person needs to switch attention from one thing to another in older adults this fu nction may become more impaired and less easy for the older adults to perform. A task like driving which requires the person to have attention focused on several different things becomes difficult for the adult to perform adequately. Memory is another process of cognitive functioning that may become impaired as a person gets older. According to Glisky (2007), memory is a multidimensional cognitive construct that is believed to be a fundamental source of age-related deficits in a variety of cognitive tasks such as long-term memory LTM, problem-solving, language, and decision making. All of these tasks are listed under working memory which is a limited capacity system that is relatively short-term and is responsible for active manipulation of information being maintained currently in attention. This means that working memory is taking the information that a person has at attention and processing the information into a short limited memory while the person needs it. Tasks such as making decisions, solving problems, and even the process of planning behaviors to achieve goals are all tasks that may be affected by aging as a person finds it’s harder to  actively manipulate and organize information in working m emory. According to Glisky (2007), aging specifically affects episodic memory, or more specifically events or experiences from a person’s past. Memories of past events though the person believes that they are fully intact may actually just be general core information but lacks in details of the event or experience that took place. Additionally, processes like encoding and retrieval of memory, or context of information, demands attentional resources that may be lacking. An older adult might find that they are unable to process information into memory, having a harder time retrieving things from memory, and are unable to process context of memory such as if they read it somewhere or were a part of the actual event. The aging process of a person impacts the person’s cognitive abilities greatly. Age-related changes though not universal among every person may affect a person’s cognitive functioning and domains greatly. Deficits and declines happen during the aging process in individuals which accounts for the slowed or impaired processes in older individuals. Much of the cognitive functioning that has been studied and shows decline is in attention and memory of individuals. The thing that a person needs to know is that memory and attention are not unitary functions; there are multiple parts to both functions some of which may not be affected by a person aging while others are affected. There is still much information that needs to be studied for a better understanding into the cognitive processes as they relate to aging. References Anderson, J. R. (2010). Cognitive psychology and its implications (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers Glisky, E. (2007). Brain Aging: Models, Methods, and Mechanisms.. Bethesda, MD: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Theoretical Criminology Mid-Term Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theoretical Criminology Mid-Term - Assignment Example It is, however, worth noting that these ideas about natural reality were not scientific, but rather based on mere observation of nature (Cullen & Agnew, 2006). Good and evil were thought to exist in the natural world. It is worth noting that the developments of legal definitions as well as the treatments of crime are founded on the attempts to understand the natural explanations for crime in the physical world. Under the spiritual explanations of crime, the feudal lords in Europe during the middle age designed ways, which they thought the guilt or innocence of an individual could be indicated. One of such methods included trial by battle. In this method, the victim or a family member of the victim would fight with the offender or a family member of the offender. It was believed that God gave victory to the innocent party. Trial by ordeal was introduced in which the accused person was subjected to a painful and difficult situation (Tierney, 2006). The guilty party would die with pain and agony while (through God’s protection) the innocent party would go through such an ordeal unharmed. The aforementioned method was replaced by compurgation a method that involved the accused calling twelve individuals who were reputable in the society who would then swear that the accused person is not guilty. The idea of prison today emerged from the earlier concept of isolating the criminals in cell s where some were subjected to manual labor while others were given the bible to read (Tierney, 2006). The natural explanations for crime generally use events as well as objects found in the world for purposes of explanation what ensues. The divine sanction of the law in the traditional society provided a justification of natural explanations for crime. It is due to this that the rule of kings became natural law, as it was considered to be by divine right. The material and physical world are still used by social scientists in the modern society to seek natural explanations of

Placement Experience Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Placement Experience Report - Assignment Example It is a voluntary non-profit making school. The school’s mission statement is â€Å"ensuring that all kids learn in the best ways possible and grow with confidence and dignity†. According to the Ofsted survey’s, of 2008 the school was ranked as an outstanding one with qualified staff. The main aim of the placement is to provide some experience to work in a special school, for a chance to learn some of the best professions in my studies, and learn more about teaching skills and enhance my communication skills (John, McGrath, and Mathur, 2008). The following section discusses the two objectives set out, their strengths and weakness in the course of their realisation. Objective One The first objective aims at engaging the young children in communication while in small working groups. The objective was realized with ease in communication with the children, teaching and other the staff members. The tactic of realizing the objective was via placing the children in smal l groups to effectively enhance one on one conversation among them and enhance my personal interaction with the pupils. This can be supported by Mauro’s work (2012, p. 16-20) that working in small groups enhances communication. The level of interaction among pupils and the staff was evidenced in the playground. This was critical as supported by Gargiulo and Kilgo (2005, p. 283); Plattner (1997): that play is logical and natural activity for incorporating skills of pupils with disabilities. My supervisor gave a positive feedback on this objective after discussing my action plan with her; this proved it was relevant, workable and highly crucial. Communication enhances actions by turning information into ideas (Barker, 2006, p. 7). Thus, the objective enhanced achievements via coming up with new ideas. The interaction enhanced the use of self-attributes to enhance the pupils understanding like humor. This can be supported by Plattner (1997, p. 10) who clearly states that capital izing on humor enhances attracting attention of the audience. Further, English not being a first language, my placement gave me the opportunity to interact and improve my communication skills. Strengths and weaknesses in the course of realizing objective one The objective was not without a strong point of it being achieved. The high level of interaction experienced was crucial in this career of catering for the special pupils. High level of organization in setting out roles and working on is another fact that was confirmed in my placement. Good listening skills were confirmed during the placement: most of the things learnt were through listening. With immense help of the teacher while working with the pupils, my communication was greatly enhanced. This was favored by the constant communication fostered by the constant interactions made with the class. Fast understanding of things helped so much in realizing this objective because it would in serving the pupils needs immediately. The main challenge to this objective is the time factor: the placement time was limited and thus realizing the full intensity of the objective was a great challenge. Achieving this objective and delivering the set concepts in a lesson requires more time than the set one. This is due to the time taken to interact with virtually every pupil. Fear to enquire from the teachers about the pupils conditions was another challenge encountered. This called for time to identify

All Worthwhile Learning Occurs in Educational Institutions Essay

All Worthwhile Learning Occurs in Educational Institutions - Essay Example This knowledge base takes a person through a variety of life experiences to help him or her practice a profession, meet people and basically, make a life. This paper discusses the fact that the process of worthwhile learning is not limited merely to educational institutions. The paper has been constructed in terms of a discussion of the determinants as outcomes of worthwhile learning outside the educational institutions. From there, it goes into finer details as far as aspects of those determinants of cognitive development are concerned. These aspects have to do with general and other competencies. Before launching into a discussion of the same, I have separated informal and formal learning so as to better understand the basis on which the determinants of worthwhile learning have been taken. ... It could be argued that any learning that contributes to the overall shaping of a person's cognitive development for positive interactions within their various spheres of operation are the de terminants of what learning is 'worthwhile learning'. Also, it is decided from his or her social position which affects the criteria of people of what is worthwhile due to the different needs and potentialities that exist in each social class. This fact raises some social issues about the inequality between people to gain access to privileged education (e.g. the notion of 'elite' universities) that will not be analyzed in this essay. So, the definition of worthwhile learning is a subjective view as according to Johnson: "One person's useful knowledge was another's useless ignorance" (see Johnson, 1988, p.23). But how do experiences structure any kind of learning Usually, it has been believed that the education system begins at home, for example involving the learning of specific sets of values. To begin with, the role of experience and learning from the same in one's life is one that fulfills the need to belong (Byram and Morgan, 1994). This sense of belonging rises from one's immed iate environment where there is focus on the values that one is born into and more characteristics of culture, region, and terrain. It should, of course, be acknowledged that not all learning in the home will necessarily be helpful as sometimes children can learn behaviors from parents that are not acceptable in a wider society like to be racist or sexist. The experience offers people first-hand knowledge of a variety of symbols (example) like judgment calls, decision-making process, and others, that one comes to associate with a place.

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HCI Reading Journal - Journal #2 - Research Paper Example However I must add that an interface goes beyond this. It might sound strange but I think I have some emotional attachment to my Smartphone its interface is so interactive and convenient that I sometimes feel incomplete without it. It has totally changed m experience in many ways. My nephew who is about 2 years is fond of me; he would jump at the sound of my voice. But that was before I realized that after the normal hug he would go straight for my phone and keep pressing the screen and motioning me to open an application that has an animation of a cat that would repeat any sound he makes. I could see he was excited and totally loved it. I thought this was normal but once we started this class I was able to understand the role played by design. According to Heim (2008), cognitive aspect of design determines the effectiveness of the interface. At this early age the kid was able to create a perception of the interface and consequently create an attachment. In essence, the interface was able to achieve its purpose due to the adequate thought put into its cognitive design. In my local town, there is an ATM boot that has three ATM machines placed in one row. The machines work alright and are very convenient. I did not see any problem in this setup until I read in Heims text about the consideration of public computers in relation to work space. In his argument, Heim (2008) postulates that design should consider the working space needed for a particular device. This opened my mind regarding the ATM machines; the working space is so small you literally can brush your shoulders when moving from one machine to another. This not only affects the comfort that should be accorded to a public computer but most importantly infringes on privacy. This is something that needs to be addressed in public computing devices that are used by hundreds of people in a

Personnel Planning And Recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personnel Planning And Recruitment - Essay Example This method enables the better use of internal talent since an employee can be moved to a job at which he/she performs better. The downside is that appropriate candidates might just not be available for some vacancies internally therefore leading to placement of unsuitable individuals. Another is Promotions which involve an employee being moved to a higher ranking position. They are a source of motivation and encouragement to the workers. However, they may lead to conflict among the employees seeking for promotion to the vacancies available. External sources on the other hand have to be acquired from outside the organization. One example is placement agencies which are private firms conducting recruitment activities on behalf of organizations at a fee, the advantage of this is it assists organizations to acquire necessary competencies. They however increase the cost of recruitment. Another is press advertisement of vacancies in journals and newspapers. The main advantage of this meth od is its wide reach. It is however time consuming as well as costly (Tellis, 2004). Evaluation of Job Ads The jobs ads evaluated were posted on the internet. They all follow the principal of AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action).

Inviromental changes writing assigment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inviromental changes writing assigment 6 - Essay Example of this is Saudi Arabia which is a nation which according to the CIA World Factbook (2010) has a total fertility rate of approximately 4 children born per woman. This is a relatively high ranking however it is also the case that the nation has a GDP per capita of approximately U.S. $20,300 which is relatively high, and when the non national labour force wage rates are removed it may be the case that the GDP per capita of nationals is much higher. However one could conclude that a great deal of this economic growth can be attributed to the large oil exports of the nation which is a significant source of revenue for the nation and its people. From another perspective one could argue that population growth negatively effects economic growth of less developed countries. In Diamond (2005) a case for how overpopulation has hindered the development of Haiti when compared to the relative economic and environmental success of its neighbor the Dominican Republic was presented. It is the case that according to the CIA World Factbook Haiti has a population that is approximately the same as the Dominican Republic but with less land and a population growth rate that is nearly double that of their neighbors to the East. With a growing population one of the most obvious concerns is the growing of food crops, in the past the nation would dedicate most of their arable land to the growing of coffee and sugar cane for sale in export markets now very little of this land is used in this regard and almost 100% is dedicated to feeding its growing population. This once viable source of revenue has now more or less dried up, and this once stabl e source of income for the government (Through taxes) has hurt the economic development of this nation. This issue is compounded for the government when the domestic population is paying less income from tax revenues. With lower revenues available for government spending one can expect a significant negative effect from brain drain as it would be

Initial Public Offerings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Initial Public Offerings - Essay Example So as to fully understand IPO and how it works this article will briefly discuss the Starbucks Co. (SBUX) IPO. The Starbucks Co. is known worldwide for its ability to provide among the best brewed coffee in the market as well as offer outstanding customer service extending this to the community through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The company specializes in the purchase of high-quality whole coffee beans which it roasts and sells together with fresh ones. Starbucks also supplies an array of richly brewed coffee, ready-to drink beverages, cold blended beverages, various types of premium teas, Italian-style espresso beverages, beverage related equipments and accessories and a myriad of complementary food items. As a result, the company has managed to operate in more than 50 countries where it runs about 15,000 retail stores in the US only. From the year 2001 to 2005, Starbucks managed to open approximately 1,200 stores on a yearly basis. During the same period the company man aged to go public by issuing an IPO. This enabled it to increase its revenues from $2.17 billion to approximately $5.39 billion. Its net earnings also drastically increased from $94.9 million to about $494.5 million. Moreover, Starbucks is committed to developing a long-lasting connection with its customers wherever it is located thereby bringing an exceptional experience to all.

Application week 1 class 8110 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Application week 1 class 8110 - Essay Example The general idea is to develop high levels of wellness maintaining comfort and dignity. This paper tries to relate the close relationship between the overall nursing philosophies and their impact on my beliefs and views. The paper also elaborates on the relationship that exists between philosophy and knowledge development in the context of the nursing practice. My personal philosophical influences in relation to this week’s readings Personally, I have always considered nursing as an opportunity to develop high levels of wellbeing by providing care and assistance to groups, families, and individuals. With this in mind, the aspects of my nursing philosophy are influenced by respect, knowledge, time management, skills, honesty, caring, and compassion. My main philosophical power to maintaining all these values relies on the belief that nursing is a discipline that requires both formal knowledge and life experience. The readings on nursing philosophy offer a broad spectrum of info rmation, which has a significant impact on my views. The opinions expressed in the articles and course tends to correlate to my beliefs and views of the nursing practice. ... This is after I went through Nightingale’s philosophies that stirred up some significant research, which leads us to the current nursing philosophies that are adopted by a large number of people. One other significant revelation that reshaped my views is the link between nursing science and philosophy. This was brought out by Grove, Burns, and Gray, (2013), whose text places an emphasis on the importance to appraise research and use of evidence based practice. A point that was clarified by Isaacs, Ploeg, and Tompkins, (2009) nursing science, which is accompanied by research, needs guidance from a philosophical basis. I still believe that neglecting the philosophy of nursing places the discipline as risk, and there is a need for scientific methods to coexist alongside philosophical inquiry (Pesut & Johnson, 2008). Nursing philosophical foundations influence on my nursing practice The American Nursing Association describes nursing as, â€Å"promotion, protection, and ability to prevent disease and injury. Further, it alleviates suffering through diagnosis and treatment of humans†¦ in the care of communities, populations, individuals, and families† (American Nurses Association, 2004). From this description, it is common for most people to engage in the nursing career with the idea of helping or caring for families, individuals, and groups experiencing health related problems. It is around these views that the Nursing philosophical foundations build upon, for example, to achieve the nursing objectives nurses need to utilize the nursing opportunities, and methods in using evidence-based practice to develop high levels of wellness. As I had indicated

History Paper Burial Practices Essay Example for Free

History Paper Burial Practices Essay The concept of afterlife existed among many ancient civilizations. It was met as a way of understanding the present or as a way to predict the future depending on their needs. As such, in order to explain the unknown phenomenon that impacted their daily life, early tribes saw natural events as simple as the rain and the winds or birth and death and regarded them to be controlled by supernatural powers related to the gods, demons, the moon, the sun or other external driving forces. Ancient people sought protection for survival and power to maintain order with the tribes by practicing rituals which were aimed to invoke the spirit of the deceased. However, as civilizations evolved with time, their beliefs became more complex and profound. Take ancient Romans and Egyptians for instance, they both believed in the afterlife and shared similar underlying ideas; nevertheless, their way to prepare the deceased for the next life and funeral services differed in many ways. To illustrate their practices, I have chosen two artifacts displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met): a coffin from Ancient Egypt and a cinerary urn from Ancient Roman’s times. Both pieces reflect different ways of treating the corpses of their deceased and prepare the dead for the journey to the afterlife which undoubtedly was a long and elaborated process. Ancient Romans and Egyptians demonstrated their firm conviction in the afterlife through solemn funeral services and burial rituals. Unlike the Egyptians who treasured the dead bodies and preserved them in sarcophagus or coffins, Romans cremated the dead bodies and kept the ashes in urns because they perceived the life in physical world to be short and temporary. When a person died, the spirit was released from the body and traveled to the afterlife. The only purpose of the physical body was to host the soul for a period long enough to prepare one to live a life free of suffering in the other world. Souls were sent to different places depending on the level of sins and crimes committed against society during the time people stayed in the mortal world. However, the suffering in the other world would end eventually. Romans’ funeral rituals usually included washing the corpse, laying it flat on a sofa or bed, and dressing it with the finest clothes that individual had ever possessed. A coin would then be placed under the tongue or on the eyes so that he could pay the â€Å"ferryman Charon† for rowing im to the land of the dead. The marble urn I observed at the Met dated from mid 1st – 2nd century A. D. was used to place the ashes of the deceased after the body was cremated. As time went by, they came to understand that the dissolution of the body was inevitable and the physical body was only a temporary host of the soul. This piece of artifact provided evidence that in ancient Romans’ point of view, the remains of the physical body had to be disintegrate d in order for the soul to begin a new life. It is reasonable to conclude that Romans regarded cremating the body of the dead as a naturally faster way to begin the life in the other world than slow disintegration of the corpse. On the other hand, Egyptians believed that the person’s physical body was more than a temporary host and it had to remain intact, a condition necessary to attain the afterlife. Moreover, they contemplated the idea that a person was the combination of several elements such as, the â€Å"ba†, which was the non physical part of the individual and the â€Å"ka† which was a universal force shared by all. Furthermore, in order to preserve the bodies, Egyptians developed a long and arduous process called mummification. This practice requires several steps such as the removal of the brain and internal organs and the cleaning of the body’s cavities with different oils and solutions. Once done, the body was laid to dry for more than a month. Although these steps were crucial for the preservation of the body, it was also believed that the transition process to the afterlife continues with the weighing of the heart. Egyptians believed that in order to gain their way to eternity one’s heart must be as light as a feather. This organ was not removed from the body and was left to be weighted by Anubis, the funeral god and Thoth, the god of knowledge. As such, it is believed that one’s heart is placed on a scale and weigh against a feather. If the scale is balanced, the deceased is deemed to have done good deeds in the present life and the gods would grant them immortality. When the mummification process is finished the preserved body is placed in a coffin as the one displayed at the Met, Gallery 112. This coffin, from Egypt Middle Kingdom time was made for a well respected and wealthy individual. The sophisticated decoration reflects the hierarchical social distinction in this particular society. In conclusion, though both ancient Romans and Egyptians believed in afterlife, they treated the corpses and practiced funeral rituals differently. These mainly resulted from their respective perception of how the mortal life was related to the afterlife as well as the importance to the physical body. By observing the two artifacts displayed at the Met, I’ve found that Egyptians placed more emphasis on the social class of the deceased by putting on splendid decorations on the coffins and sarcophagus than the Romans did on their urns. This difference reflects the core of Roman’s ancient culture which coincided with Greek’s idea of democracy by promoting a society structure with a less rigid hierarchy.

The European Union: International Relations

The European Union: International Relations The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states, located primarily in Europe. Committed to regional integration, the EU was established by the Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993 upon the foundations of the European Economic Community. With almost 500 million citizens, the EU combined generates an estimated 30% share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the nominal gross world product and about 22% of the PPP gross world product. The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws which apply in all member states, ensuring the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital. It maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. Sixteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro, constituting the Eurozone. The EU has developed a limited role in foreign policy, having representation at the WTO, G8, G20 and at the UN. It enacts legislation in justice and home affairs, including the abolition of passport controls by the Schengen agreement between 22 EU and 3 non-EU states. As an international organisation, the EU operates through a hybrid system of supranationalism and intergovernmentalism. In certain areas, decisions are made through negotiation between member states, while in others, independent supranational institutions are responsible without a requirement for unanimity between member states. Important institutions and bodies of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Court of Justice, and the European Central Bank. The European Parliament is elected every five years by member states citizens, to whom the citizenship of the European Union is guaranteed. The EU originates from the European Coal and Steel Community formed among six countries in 1951 and the Treaty of Rome in 1957. Since then, the EU has evolved through a process of enlargement, while new policy areas have been added to the remit of its institutions. HISTORY After the end of the Second World War, moves towards European integration were seen by many as an escape from the extreme forms of nationalism which had devastated the continent. One such attempt to unite Europeans was the European Coal and Steel Community which, while having the modest aim of centralised control of the previously national coal and steel industries of its member states, was declared to be a first step in the federation of Europe. The originators and supporters of the Community include Jean Monnet, Robert Schuman, Paul Henri Spaak and Alcide de Gasperi. The founding members of the Community were Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. In 1957, these six countries signed the Treaties of Rome which extended the earlier cooperation within the European Coal and Steel Community and created the European Economic Community, (EEC) establishing a customs union and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for cooperation in developing nuclear energy. In 1967 the Merger Treaty created a single set of institutions for the three communities, which were collectively referred to as the European Communities (EC), although commonly just as the European Community. In 1973 the Communities enlarged to include Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Norway had negotiated to join at the same time but Norwegian voters rejected membership in a referendum and so Norway remained outside. In 1979 the first direct, democratic elections to the European Parliament were held. Greece joined in 1981, and Spain and Portugal in 1986. In 1985 the Schengen Agreement led the way toward the creation of open borders without passport controls between most member states and some non-member states. In 1986 the European flag began to be used by the Community and the Single European Act was signed. In 1990, after the fall of the Iron Curtain, the former East Germany became part of the Community as part of a newly united Germany. With enlargement toward Eastern and Central Europe on the agenda, the Copenhagen criteria for candidate members to join the European Union were agreed. The European Union was formally established when the Maastricht Treaty came into force on 1 November 1993, and in 1995 Austria, Sweden and Finland joined the newly established EU. In 2002, euro notes and coins replaced national currencies in 12 of the member states. Since then, the eurozone has increased to encompass sixteen countries, with Slovakia joining the eurozone on 1 January 2009. In 2004, the EU saw its biggest enlargement to date when Malta, Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary joined the Union. On 1 January 2007, Romania and Bulgaria became the EUs newest members and Slovenia adopted the euro. In June 2009 the 2009 elections which later led to a renewal of Barrosos Commission Presidency and in July of that year Iceland formally applied for EU membership. On 1 December 2009 the Lisbon Treaty came into force after a protracted and controversial birth. This reformed many aspects of the EU but in particular created a permanent President of the European Council, the first of which is Herman van Rompuy, and a strengthened High Representative; Catherine Ashton. MEMBER STATES The European Union is composed of 27 sovereign Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Only six of these France, (then-West) Germany, Italy, and the three already integrated Benelux countries; Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg were members at the start, with membership having grown as countries willingly accede to the treaties and by doing so, pool sovereignty in exchange for representation in the institutions. To join the EU a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria, defined at the 1993 Copenhagen European Council. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. Evaluation of a countrys fulfilment of the criteria is the responsibility of the European Council. No member state has ever left the Union, although Greenland (an autonomous province of Denmark) withdrew in 1985. The Lisbon Treaty now provides a clause dealing with how a member leaves the EU. There are three official candidate countries, Croatia, Macedonia and Turkey. Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Iceland are officially recognised as potential candidates. Kosovo is also listed as a potential candidate but the European Commission does not list it as an independent country because not all member states recognise it as an independent country separate from Serbia. Four Western European countries that have chosen not to join the EU have partly committed to the EUs economy and regulations: Iceland, which has now applied for membership, Liechtenstein and Norway, which are a part of the single market through the European Economic Area, and Switzerland, which has similar ties through bilateral treaties. The relationships of the European microstates, Andorra, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican include the use of the euro and other areas of co-operation. GEOGRAPHY The territory of the EU consists of the combined territories of its 27 member states with some exceptions, outlined below. The territory of the EU is not the same as that of Europe, as parts of the continent are outside the EU, such as Switzerland, Norway, European Russia, and Iceland. Some parts of member states are not part of the EU, despite forming part of the European continent (for example the Isle of Man and Channel Islands (two Crown Dependencies), and the Faroe Islands, a territory of Denmark). The island country of Cyprus, a member of the EU, is closer to Turkey than to mainland Europe and is often considered part of Asia. Several territories associated with member states that are outside geographic Europe are also not part of the EU (such as Greenland, Aruba, the Netherlands Antilles, and all the non-European British overseas territories). Some overseas territories are part of the EU even though geographically not part of Europe, such as the Azores, the Canary Islands, Madeira, Lampedusa, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and RÃ ©union, Ceuta and Melilla. As well, although being technically part of the EU, EU law is suspended in Northern Cyprus as it is under the de facto control of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus, a self-proclaimed state that is recognised only by Turkey. The EUs member states cover an area of 4,422,773 square kilometres (1,707,642 sq mi). The EU is larger in area than all but six countries, and its highest peak is Mont Blanc in the Graian Alps, 4,807 metres (15,771 ft) above sea level. The landscape, climate, and economy of the EU are influenced by its coastline, which is 65,993 kilometres (41,006 mi) long. The EU has the worlds second-longest coastline, after Canada. The combined member states share land borders with 19 non-member states for a total of 12,441 kilometres (7,730 mi), the fifth-longest border in the world. Including the overseas territories of member states, the EU experiences most types of climate from Arctic to tropical, rendering meteorological averages for the EU as a whole meaningless. The majority of the population lives in areas with a Mediterranean climate (Southern Europe), a temperate maritime climate (Western Europe), or a warm summer continental or hemiboreal climate (Eastern Europe). GOVERNANCE The EUs work is divided into three areas of responsibility, called pillars. The original European Community policies form the first pillar, while the second consists of Common Foreign and Security Policy. The third pillar originally consisted of Justice and Home Affairs, however owing to changes introduced by the Amsterdam and Nice treaties, it has been reduced to Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters (other matters were transferred to the Community). Broadly speaking, the second and third pillars can be described as the intergovernmental pillars because the supranational institutions of the Commission, Parliament and the Court of Justice play less of a role or none at all, while the lead is taken by the intergovernmental Council of Ministers and the European Council (which operate more by consensus than majority in these pillars). Most activities of the EU come under the first, Community pillar. This is mostly an economically oriented pillar and is where the supranati onal institutions have the most influence. The activities of the EU are regulated by a number of institutions and bodies that carry out the tasks and policies set out in the Treaties. These procedures are all subject to the principle of subsidiarity which requires that action only be taken at EU level where an objective cannot be sufficiently achieved by the member states alone. The EU receives its political leadership from the European Council, which usually meet four times a year. It comprises one representative per member state-either its head of state or head of government-plus its President as well as the President of the Commission. The member states representatives are assisted by their Foreign Ministers. The European Council uses its leadership role to sort out disputes between member states and the institutions, and to resolve political crises and disagreements over controversial issues and policies. On 19 November 2009, Herman Van Rompuy was chosen to become the first permanent President of the European Council. He took office on 1 December 2009. The European Council should not be mistaken for the Council of Europe, an international organisation independent from the EU. By virtue of a rotating presidency, every member state takes the helm of the EU for a period of six months during which that countrys representatives chair the meetings of the Council of Ministers. The member state holding the presidency typically uses it to drive a particular policy agenda such as economic reform, reform of the EU itself, enlargement, or furthering European integration. INSTITUTIONS The European Commission acts as the EUs executive arm and is responsible for initiating legislation and the day-to-day running of the EU. It is intended to act solely in the interest of the EU as a whole, as opposed to the Council which consists of leaders of member states who reflect national interests. The commission is also seen as the motor of European integration. It is currently composed of 27 commissioners for different areas of policy, one from each member state. The President of the Commission and all the other commissioners are nominated by the Council. Appointment of the Commission President, and also the Commission in its entirety, have to be confirmed by Parliament. The European Parliament forms one half of the EUs legislature. The 736 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) are directly elected by EU citizens every five years. Although MEPs are elected on a national basis, they sit according to political groups rather than their nationality. Each country has a set number of seats. The Parliament and the Council of Ministers form and pass legislation jointly, using co-decision, in certain areas of policy. This procedure has extend to many new areas under the Treaty of Lisbon, and hence increase the power and relevance of the Parliament. The Parliament also has the power to reject or censure the Commission and the EU budget. The President of the European Parliament carries out the role of speaker in parliament and represents it externally. The president and vice presidents are elected by MEPs every two and a half years. The Council of the European Union (sometimes referred to as the Council of Ministers) forms the other half of the EUs legislature. It consists of a government minister from each member states and meets in different compositions depending on the policy area being addressed. Notwithstanding its different compositions, it is considered to be one single body. In addition to its legislative functions, the Council also exercises executive functions in relations to the Common Foreign and Security Policy. The judicial branch of the EU consists of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) and the Court of First Instance. Together they interpret and apply the treaties and the law of the EU. The Court of First Instance mainly deals with cases taken by individuals and companies directly before the EUs courts, and the ECJ primarily deals with cases taken by member states, the institutions and cases referred to it by the courts of member states. Decisions from the Court of First Instance can be appealed to the Court of Justice but only on a point of law.

45 47 Stella Street English Literature Essay

45 47 Stella Street English Literature Essay In Elizabeth Honeys childrens text 45 + 47 Stella Street and everything that happened (1995), 11 year old Henni shares her view of the events that take place in Stella Street. She is a reliable narrator as it is intended for her story to be trusted by the reader, evident with honest statements during her introduction of telling the implied reader that she may not be the cleverest or the prettiestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ but is the tallest (Honey, 1995, p.5). The novel clearly shows a separation of classes within the neighbourhood, with Hennis family and friends being portrayed as the preferable middle-class, the Phonies evidently belonging to a higher class and characters such as the Brown boys being lower class. The implied reader of the book is middle-classed Australian children as they can relate to Henni, see themselves in her position and understand the common Australian terms such as milo and walk-a-thon. This implied reader experiences the events through Hennis point of view, feeling h er emotions and seeing things as they appear to her, positioning the implied reader to share Hennis emotions and therefore support her throughout the novel. The Phonies are seen as the high-class members of the neighbourhood, although later found to be criminals. The residents of Stella Street see their behaviour as being unusual as they renovate, travel regularly, constantly purchase new items and use expensive solicitors rather than confronting the issue themselves. The neighbours evidently believe the Phonies were made of money (p.23) and could not understand why they felt the need to replace belongings constantly and get rid of things much too good to throw out (p.87). The Phonies are mocked and criticised by the other members of Stella Street for their evidently excessive use of money with Danielle believing they must be throwing furniture out for rubbish collection as it was at least four months old so must be time for a complete change (p.86). They are also criticised for their formal letters of complaint from solicitors, with the other residents of Stella Street wondering why they could not simply talk about it rather than coming out guns blazing with all this solicitors letter nonsense (p.23). This makes the Phonies seem as cruel, unreasonable people. All of this along with the fact that they turn out to be criminals, imply a negative connotation on the upper class population as they are seen to be irrational, harsh beings who do not follow the law or make a reasonable attempt to be humane with the rest of society. In comparison to the superiority of the Phonies, were the Brown boys and Donnas rent-a-kid children who belonged to far more inferior class. The Brown boys were renowned for being trouble and are not trusted by the dominant class in the neighbourhood, promoting the idea that lower classes are not trustworthy or worth the respect of others. The fact that the Brown boys lie to the police in regards to their whereabouts on the night of the spotlight game, suggests that lower class people are liars, with Donna even implying this to the children by warning them not to bank on the Brown boys (p.73). Similarly to the misbehaving Brown boys, the dog catcher W.P Burgess is a cruel lower class member. Henni suggests that he was probably a garbo or the school bully (p.43) before he became a dog catcher and describes him as having a nasty temper (p.43). Burgesss poor temper and heartlessness suggest that the lower class are angry, miserable people. The troubled children Donna brings home from he r social work are seen to the Stella Street children in particular as inferior and off the planet'(p.24), Henni nicknaming these children as rent-a-kid'(p.25), suggesting that they are incapable of being in a stable, loving home. Although the implied reader may sympathise with the lower class families in the novel, many negative connotations are suggested in the text with the inferior families being promoted as unreliable, untrustworthy and cruel. The promoted preferable class in the novel is the dominant middle-class of Henni and her family and friends. Henni describes her family by saying were not rich but were not poor (p.135) suggesting that they have stable living conditions and although may not have an excessive amount of money, are able to provide and care for their family with a sustainable income. This middle class population is positioned to be seen as the desirable class to the implied reader, as they are pleased with their lives and have loving friends and family to support them. The majority of Stella Street agree on the fact that there is something peculiar about the Phonies and do not want the high class snobs living in their neighbourhood. The fact that the middle class characters in the childrens novel are all friendly and positive promotes the class. Mr Nic, for example, is described by Henni as a cheerful chap (p.7) and is loved by all the neighbours. Throughout the novel Mr Nic is always willing to help, wh ether it is babysitting Briquette or assisting the children in their mission of discovery more about the Phonies. Mr Nic is the perfect example of the ideal middle classed individual with in the text. The closure of the text plays a major part in suggesting the idealisation of the middle classed population. The happy ending presented in the text shows the high class Phonies being sent to jail and the lower class Brown boys and W.P Burgess disappearing, illustrating how the high and low class populations are far less successful and discontent. A new family moves in to Stella Street who can be interpreted as being a middle-class family by the implied reader as they seem to immediately fit in and are liked by the members of Stella Street. The fact that all of the middle classed characters in the novel achieve a joyful ending suggests that it is only the middle classed population who are truly successful and therefore promotes the desirability of this class. 45 +47 Stella Street and everything that happens strongly implies that the middle class population is the ideal class with characters such as Henni and her family and friends living a satisfying, successful life as pleasant, loving people. In contrast, the upper class Phonies and lower class characters such as the Brown boys, are shown negatively throughout the text with traits such as anger, dishonesty and cruelty being connected to them. The implied reader is positioned to believe that Henni and her family are the ideal characters and therefore the middle class is the desirable class.

Research Comparison Paper -- Health, Diseases, Depression

INTRODUCTION Overview Depression is when a person’s feelings of sadness and worthlessness control how they handle daily activities and relationships (National Institute of Mental Health 2009). This illness is something that most people need to be treated for (National Institute of Mental Health 2009). In the study Quality of Life in Depression, several patients are looked at to see what their quality of life is with depression. One of the aspects that the study found about depression is that even after people are treated for depression the person may still ridding themselves of the illness completely (Ay-Woan et al 2005). With depression being so prevalent in society today there is a need for more treatments. There are many different types of treatments offered to people with this illness. Since not every treatment works for everyone there is a need for a variety of solutions. Some of the treatments involve pharmaceutical drugs and others involve psychological treatment. There has controversy as to which treatment works better. This paper compares one type of pharmaceutical treatment and one psychological treatment. Background In order to explain the different treatments there needs to be some key terms defined. First, a neurotransmitter is a â€Å"chemical by which a nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell or with a muscle† (Collins English Dictionary 2009). This is important because this is affected by serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that helps maintain sleeping, eating, and mood patterns (Carlson 2001). This chemical is transported by neurotransmitters in the brain. If a person’s serotonin levels are down it can disrupt their daily activities. Serotonin levels are not the only causes of depression. Fluo... ...ent people. If the author had to choose, it would have to be the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy because it has more positive aspects then Prozac. When looking closely at both treatments Prozac has many downfalls. With Prozac there are many side effects to taking the pharmaceutical drug. There is a long list of the different ways Prozac can negatively affect the human body. Drowsiness, nausea, nervousness, skin rashes, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia can all be avoided if a person would not take them. There is still the argument that people cannot change the chemicals in their brain with just therapy. The author believes that if a person can help taking the medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy would be a much better, safer choice. The only side effect to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the treatment not working and all the person would lose is there time.

Abortion :: essays research papers

ABORTION CONTROVERSY Abortion refers to termination of pregnancy with the consent of the mother. Therefore even when the mother herself is demanding abortion, pro-lifers maintain that termination must not be allowed because it violates basic rights of the unborn child. Pro-choice quarter on the other hand, advocates a mother’s right to health and feels that an unwanted child would only lead to numerous economic, social and emotional problems for the woman. The paper therefore addresses both sides of the issue and also briefly mentions that the role of the Supreme Court in this area. ‘ABORTION’ INTRODUCTION AND CONFLICT Abortion is one of the most critical issues on each American administration’s agenda. This is because while every politician would love to avoid the issue altogether, public wants to know exactly what the government’s stand on this particular issue is so that they would be able to judge it better. This is quite strange how stance on abortion has become an important criterion for judging a government and it can either turn people in favor of it or completely against it depending on how government interprets its own stand. From this it is evident that people attach great degree of significance to this issue because it somehow is related to their sense of morality and tolerance. Let us understand what exactly abortion is and what is the significance of Court in this particular area of conflict. Abortion refers to termination of pregnancy at any stage and people are divided on this issue because the pro-abortion quarter thinks right to termination is connected with women’s basic rights while the pro-life quarter maintains that we must also think of the child that is growing in the womb. Jerry Z. Muller (1995) writes: â€Å"In contemporary American political debate, usually treated as conflicts between rival interpretations of individual rights. Those who favor abortion most often invoke the "right to choose" of the woman who has conceived the fetus. Those who oppose abortion focus on the "right to life" of the fetus.† (Muller, 1997: 27-28) There is little that one quarter can do to convince the other that its stance is more appropriate because they both have valid arguments in favor of their views on the subject. But it pays to enlighten ourselves regarding both sides of the issue because if we have an open mind, deeper knowledge of the subject might help us at reaching a more a more objective balanced conclusion.

Heroes Must Die :: English Literature Essays

Heroes Must Die Blaine the big was half badger and half troll. He was a huge beast (nearly twice the height of a human) and was almost completely covered in spikes. He hated his space colony. He lived with fake trees, fake grass, fake rain, and all sorts of fake things. He longed to live on Earth and see the real things. He tried multiple times to break into the space airports and enter a ship to Earth, but the wizard guards always caught him. One day, while Blaine was sleeping, the DANGER 1 alarm went off. The alarm was only used for extremely dangerous situations. Blaine and his pet dorg (a big dog trained to kill), Leo, ran out to see what the commotion was about. He felt cold fear run all down his body. There, right in front of him, was a huge troll. Trolls had horribly big bodies and had spikes everywhere below the neck. It smelt horrible and had a double-ended axe. â€Å"What do we have here?† the troll said. â€Å"Don’t hurt me-I’m half troll. You wouldn’t hurt me would you?† stammered Blaine. Blaine decided to go for the friendly approach. â€Å"Your axe looks †¦ marvelous,† he said. Trolls loved to hear their weapons get compliments. This troll was no exception. â€Å"You think so? I really like my axe. My name’s Pete the Perilous. So, what other half are you?† â€Å"I’m Blaine. I’m half badger as well as half troll,† answered Blaine . Blaine decided that Pete wasn’t all that bad. â€Å"What troll dynasty are you from?† Blaine asked. â€Å"Oh, I’m not a troll. I’m a seronto,† said Pete. â€Å"What!† blurted Blaine. Serontos were extremely rare these days because of their not-so-smart minds. Serontos have the power to change into anything they want, and a lot of times they would turn into something deadly. Therefore, the wizards kill them not knowing they were serontos. â€Å"Turn into something smaller!† hissed Blaine. With a â€Å"pop† he turned into a pen. Blaine hastily put the pen into his pocket. Just then, a score of wizards came around the corner, all with their staffs out. â€Å"Did you see a troll around here?† the eldest wizard asked. â€Å"No† replied Blaine. He didn’t dare tell the wizards that the troll was actually a seronto, because the wizards would have just taken him to the ejection room (a room where you are sent into space to die), innocent or not because of the chaos he created.

Positive relationships with children Essay

Develop positive relationships with children, young people and others involved in their care. 1.1 Explain why positive relationships with children and young people are important and how these are built and maintained. It is essential to build positive relationships with children and young people, as the quality of our relationships with children and young people will make a substantial difference to their behaviour, achievement and overall wellbeing. There are various different ways to encourage children to have positive relationships with practitioners and other professionals as well as other children. Positive relationships are built on trust, for young people trust means knowing someone believes in you and they feel they can confide in you in many different situations. 1.3 Evaluate own effectiveness in building relationships with children and young people. I would consider myself to be effective at building relationships with children and young people. I do this by: * Being a positive role model * Being consistent * Showing genuine interest * Valuing each individual efforts * By acknowledging and talking about feelings * Striving to build positive self esteem * Provide a safe place when things get too much * Having a positive attitude * Providing a positive atmosphere * Being approachable at all times * communicating effectively * sharing information but maintaining confidentiality with other staff * having positive eye contact * acknowledging negative and positive emotions * sharing positive strategies that have helped with other practitoners * acknowledging positive behaviour * maintaining confidentiality * matching resources /lesson to meet each childs needs * providing a friendly, secure environment * respecting all individual needs To maintain a positive relationship with children and young people, you have to show young people you are approachable. Communication skills are therefore influential. Showing children and young people positive behaviour is also vital as positive behaviour encourages young people to have positive attitudes, which include manners and respect. This means that practitioners must be consistent in their moods and behaviour so reactions are predicable. Showing children you are a good listener and you understand in all situations helps with their confidence, giving them praise and encouragement encourages children to be positive. Valuing each Childs achievement helps them to feel they can experiment, fail and not be criticised. This helps with children and young people’s self esteem. Children and young people who feel valued are more likely to have higher self esteem and it is clear ‘from research Weinberg (1978), that children who have high self esteem are more likely to fulfil their potential.’ Children and young people who have good relationships may find they can talk more openly. Further more children who feel someone believes in them are more likely to try harder. 2.1 Explain why positive relationships with people involved in the care of children and young people are important. It is crucial as the practitioner to build and maintain a strong positive relationship with children’s parents/carers. ‘As good relationships also benefit the quality of interaction between the setting and parents/carers.’ Where relationships are strong parents/carers are more likely to share information, make comments and take interest in what their Childs progressing at and support what areas of improvement maybe needed. This benefits children and young people enormously and helps practitioners to meet their Childs needs. Young people look at their parent’s reactions in order to decide whether or not to be apprehensive. Positive interaction (smiles, laughter) helps children settle in and feel relaxed. For staff and helpers positive relationships in settings mean that they can enjoy their work. Good relationships between staff are extremely important as during times of stress or difficulties other practitioners can share and support one another. Children and young people become aware of the atmosphere and relationships between working staff and model their own behaviour on the way in which you treat each other. Always respect others options. Everybody benefits from having positive relationships with others. Good positive relationships with parents/carers , colleagues and children are enormously important in early years settings as they benefit everybody especially children and young people .This is because positive relationships create a welcoming, confidential and secure atmosphere. Which helps with all round child development.

Zoe’s Tale PART III Chapter Twenty-Five

And so I went home, Consu gift in tow. John and Jane greeted me as I jumped off the Obin shuttle, all of us ending in a pile as I ran into Mom full speed and then we dragged Dad down with us. Then I showed them my new toy: the sapper field generator, specially designed by the Consu to give us a tactical advantage when Nerbros Eser and his friends came to call. Jane immediately took to it and started fiddling with it; that was her thing. Hickory and Dickory and I decided that in the end neither John nor Jane needed to know what it took for us to get it. The less they knew, the less the Colonial Union could charge them with at their treason trial. Although it looked like that might not happen – the Roanoke council did remove John and Jane from their posts once they revealed where they had sent me and who I was supposed to see, and had appointed Gretchen's dad Manfred in their place. But they had given Mom and Dad ten days to hear back from me before they informed the Colonial Union about what they'd done. I got back just under the wire and once they saw what I brought, weren't inclined to offer my parents to the tender affections of the Colonial Union judicial system. I wasn't going to complain about that. After I got Mom and Dad acquainted with the sapper field generator, I went for a walk and found Gretchen, reading a book on her porch. â€Å"I'm back,† I said. â€Å"Oh,† she said, casually flipping a page. â€Å"Were you gone?† I grinned; she hurled the book at me and told me that if I ever did anything like that again, she would strangle me, and that she could do it because she always was better in our defense courses than I was. Well, it was true. She was. Then we hugged and made up and went to find Magdy, so we could pester him in stereo. Ten days later, Roanoke was attacked by Nerbros Eser and about a hundred Arrisian soldiers, that being Eser's race. Eser and his soldiers marched right into Croatoan and demanded to speak to its leaders. They got Savitri, the administrative assistant, instead; she suggested that they go back to their ships and pretend their invasion never happened. Eser ordered his soldier to shoot Savitri, and that's when they learned how a sapper field can really mess with their weapons. Jane tuned the field so that it would slow down bullets but not slower projectiles. Which is why the Arrisian soldier's rifles wouldn't work, but Jane's flame thrower would. As did Dad's hunting bow. And Hickory's and Dickory's knives. And Manfred Trujillo's lorry. And so on. At the end of it Nerbros Eser had none of the soldiers that he'd landed with, and was also surprised to learn that the battleship he'd parked in orbit wasn't there anymore, either. To be fair, the sapper field didn't extend into space; we got a little help there from a benefactor who wished to remain anonymous. But however you sliced it, Nerbros Eser's play for the leadership of the Conclave came to a very sad and embarrassing end. Where was I in all of this? Why, safely squirreled away in a bomb shelter with Gretchen and Magdy and a bunch of other teenagers, that's where. Despite all the events of the previous month, or maybe because of them, the executive decision was made that I had had enough excitement for the time being. I can't say I disagreed with the decision. To be honest about it, I was looking forward to just getting back to my life on Roanoke with my friends, with nothing to worry about except for school and practicing for the next hootenanny. That was right about my speed. But then General Gau came for a visit. He was there to take custody of Nerbros Eser, which he did, to his great personal satisfaction. But he was also there for two other reasons. The first was to inform the citizens of Roanoke that he had made it a standing order that no Conclave member was ever to attack our colony, and that he had made it clear to non-Conclave races in our part of space that if any of them were to get it into their heads to make a play for our little planet, that he would personally be very disappointed. He left unsaid what level of retaliation â€Å"personal disappointment† warranted. It was more effective that way. Roanokers were of two minds about this. On the one hand, Roanoke was now practically free from attack. On the other hand, General Gau's declaration only brought home the fact that the Colonial Union itself hadn't done much for Roanoke, not just lately but ever. The general feeling was that the Colonial Union had a lot to answer for, and until it answered for these things, that Roanokers felt perfectly justified in not paying too close attention to the Colonial Union's dictates. Like, for example, the one in which Manfred Trujillo was supposed to arrest my parents and take them into custody on the charge of treason. Trujillo apparently had a hard time finding either John or Jane after that one came in. A neat trick, considering how often they were talking. But this folded into the other reason Gau had come around. â€Å"General Gau is offering us sanctuary,† Dad said to me. â€Å"He knows your mom and I will be charged with treason – several counts seem likely – and it's not entirely out of the realm of possibility that you'll be charged as well.† â€Å"Well, I did commit treason,† I said. â€Å"What with consorting with the leader of the Conclave and all.† Dad ignored this. â€Å"The point is, even if people here aren't in a rush to turn us in, it's only a matter of time before the CU sends real enforcement to come get us. We can't ask the people here to get into any more trouble on our account. We have to go, Zoe.† â€Å"When?† I asked. â€Å"In the next day,† Dad said. â€Å"Gau's ship is here now, but it's not like the CU is going to ignore it for long.† â€Å"So we're going to become citizens of the Conclave,† I said. â€Å"I don't think so,† Dad said. â€Å"We'll be among them for a while, yes. But I have a plan to get us somewhere I think you might be happy with.† â€Å"And where is that?† I asked. â€Å"Well,† Dad said. â€Å"Have you ever heard of this little place called Earth?† Dad and I spoke for a few more minutes, and then I walked over to Gretchen's, where I actually managed to say hello to her before I broke down in sobs. She gave me a hug and held me, and let me know it was okay. â€Å"I knew this was coming,† she said to me. â€Å"You don't do what you've done and then come back and pretend nothing has happened.† â€Å"I thought it might be worth a try,† I said. â€Å"That's because you're an idiot,† Gretchen said. I laughed. â€Å"You're an idiot, and my sister, and I love you, Zoe.† We hugged some more. And then she came over to my house and helped me and my family pack away our lives for a hasty exit. Word spread, as it would in a small colony. Friends came by, mine and my parents', by themselves and in twos and threes. We hugged and laughed and cried and said our good-byes and tried to part well. As the sun started to set Magdy came by, and he and Gretchen and I took a walk to the Gugino homestead, where I knelt and kissed Enzo's headstone, and said good-bye to him one last time, even as I carried him still in my heart. We walked home and Magdy said his good-bye then, giving me a hug so fierce that I thought it would crack my ribs. And then he did something he'd never done before: gave me a kiss, on my cheek. â€Å"Good-bye, Zoe,† he said. â€Å"Good-bye, Magdy,† I said. â€Å"Take care of Gretchen for me.† â€Å"I'll try,† Magdy said. â€Å"But you know how she is.† I smiled at that. Then he went to Gretchen, gave her a hug and a kiss, and left. And then it was Gretchen and me, packing and talking and cracking each other up through the rest of the night. Eventually Mom and Dad went to sleep but didn't seem to mind that Gretchen and I went on through the night and straight on until morning. A group of friends arrived in a Mennonite horse-drawn wagon to carry our things and us to the Conclave shuttle. We started the short journey laughing but got quiet as we came closer to the shuttle. It wasn't a sad silence; it was a silence you have when you've said everything you need to say to another person. Our friends lifted what we were taking with us into the shuttle; there was a lot we were leaving behind, too bulky to take, that we had given to friends. One by one all my friends gave me hugs and farewells, and dropped away, and then there was just Gretchen and me again. â€Å"You want to come with me?† I asked. Gretchen laughed. â€Å"Someone has to take care of Magdy,† she said. â€Å"And Dad. And Roanoke.† â€Å"You always were the organized one,† I said. â€Å"And you were always you,† Gretchen said. â€Å"Someone had to be,† I said. â€Å"And anyone else would have messed it up.† Gretchen gave me another hug. Then she stood back from me. â€Å"No good-byes,† she said. â€Å"You're in my heart. Which means you're not gone.† â€Å"All right,† I said. â€Å"No good-byes. I love you, Gretchen.† â€Å"I love you too,† Gretchen said. And then she turned and she walked away, and didn't look back, although she did stop to give Babar a hug. He slobbered her thoroughly. And then he came to me, and I led him into the passenger compartment of the shuttle. In time, everyone else came in. John. Jane. Savitri. Hickory. Dickory. My family. I looked out the shuttle window at Roanoke, my world, my home. Our home. But our home no longer. I looked at it and the people in it, some of whom I loved and some of whom I lost. Trying to take it all in, to make it a part of me. To make it a part of my story. My tale. To remember it so I can tell the story of my time here, not straight but true, so that anyone who asked me could feel what I felt about my time, on my world. I sat, and looked, and remembered in the present time. And when I was sure I had it, I kissed the window and drew the shade. The engines on the shuttle came to life. â€Å"Here we go,† Dad said. I smiled and closed my eyes and counted down the seconds until liftoff. Five. Four. Three. Two. One.

Examples Of Acute Injuries Health And Social Care Essay

To be fit and healthy it is of import that you exercise, nevertheless, exert excessively much and you could wound yourself. This can be caused by ; An accident while developing Insufficient equipment Pushing yourself excessively difficult Not warming up decently Sports hurts can be classed into two classs ; Acute hurt Overuse hurt An acute hurt is on in which there is rapid oncoming of hurting is ensuing from an incident that has been traumatic for illustration, an hurt. It is usually impact on a specific portion of the organic structure. Examples of acute hurts are ; Sprains are hurts to ligaments by stretching them excessively far or by being torn. Ligaments are hempen tissue which holds castanetss together every bit good as to maintain your organic structure in place forestalling any unwanted motions. Examples of ligaments are ; the calcaneoifbular ligament in the mortise joint which is the damaged ligament in the image on the right. A sprain is an hurt to a musculus or to a sinew. Muscles move your skeleton and this in bend pulls on a sinew which is connected to a bone. Both can be stretched but if they are stretched to far it can do a tear in it. A bruise or contusion in common footings, is one of the most common athleticss hurts. These occur when a blood vas underneath the tegument ruptures due to compressive force to a musculus. Blood so leaks into the dermis bed of the tegument, doing stain. This can besides happen to variety meats. Dislocation is the separation of two castanetss at their meeting articulation due to sudden force to the joint ; this is clearly shown by the image on the left. Therefore, the bone is no longer in its normal place. Dislocation can do harm to the tissues environing the bone every bit good as any ligaments attached to the bone. Damage can besides be done to the blood vass and nervousnesss. A break is a status where the bone has broken or when there is a cleft nowadays in the bone. These occur due to high force or emphasis on the bone. Fractures can happen in any bone in the human organic structure, nevertheless, castanetss can usually defy most impacts and it is merely if the force is excessively much it fractures. There are several different categories which breaks can be classed into ; all are identified on the right. Closed/Simple break is when the bone is merely damaged and there has been no harm done to the tissue or tegument environing the bone. Compound/Open break is when the tegument or tissue environing the break has been damaged. There is a higher hazard of infection with this type due to the harm to the tegument. Overuse hurts are those that are caused by repeating actions which damage sinews, ligaments, musculuss and tissues in the same topographic point over a period of clip. Common overexploitation hurts are ; Tennis cubitus is due to hurt of both the musculus and sinew on the exterior of the radius and ulna, or more specifically the sidelong epicondyle. It is caused my overexploitation of the forearm musculuss ensuing in hurting. It is most common in tennis participants ; nevertheless, you do non necessitate to be a tennis drama to acquire this. Golfer ‘s cubitus is a similar status to tennis cubitus, merely this status affects the musculus and sinews on the interior of the arm. Iliotibial set syndrome ( ITBS ) is caused by insistent injury to the Iliotibial set which is present in legs and runs along the exterior of the thigh which keeps the articulatio genus in topographic point as it flexes and extends. ITBS is the overexploitation of this set ensuing in hurting specifically during running and redness of the iliotibial set. A Shin splint occur when there is a repeating and a big sum of exercising being done. This puts big sums of force per unit area onto the leg which can do hurt to the bone and tissue that surrounds it. Shin splints can besides be where little cryings develop in the interosseous membrane in the leg or bantam breaks develop on the surface of the shinbone. Sports hurts are really common. One of which is a broken leg, this happened to American football broad receiving system Tyrone Prothro who played for the University of Alabama between 2003 and 2005. On 1st October 2005, during a game versus the Florida Gators, Prothro went for a touchdown base on balls and got hit in the air and the manner he landed on the land he fractured both the shinbone and calf bone. Since the leg is deformed, this would be classed as a terrible shinbone and fibula break ensuing in the inability to stand and walk every bit good as failing in both the leg and pes. Damage was more than probably done to the environing tissue, nervousnesss and blood vass.First assistanceFirst assistance is really of import when it comes to an injured individual. There are a figure of regulations in which you can follow ; DR ABC is a mnemotechnic which is used shortly after person got injured ;Danger –Check the country and do certain you and the people around you are safe, particularly the injured individual.Response –Can the injured individual hear you? Can they open and shut their eyes? Any motions? Response to touch?Airway –Is there a obstruction in the pharynx or have they swallowed their lingua? Is the caput in a suited place to let external respiration? Care should be taken non to do anything worse but the air passage must be cleared if it is blocked.Breathing –Can the injured individual breathe clearly?Circulation –Is there a pulsation? Is the pulse weak / strong / racing R.I.C.E is another mnemonic that is used for tissue hurts ;Rest –This is of import for mending the organic structure as without it more strain would be placed on the injured country taking to more hurt.Ice –Ice is perfect for cut downing redness and any hurting caused. It is recommended that you ice for 20 proceedingss and so no ice for 20 proceedingss. This can cut down the opportunity of acquiring frostbite, every bit good as wrapping the ice in a towel before puting it on the injured country. If you use the ice for excessively long, this can protract the repairing clip as it will curtail the blood flow to the country, which can cut down the foods acquiring the tissues of the injured country.Compression –Compaction is used to cut down the puffiness that is from redness but everyone does acquire some puffiness. For this an elastic patch is better as it does non curtail the blood flow every bit is non to be excessively tight.ElevationA ­ –Elevation is go od at cut downing swelling by the higher sum of blood which returns to the systemic circulation. This interruption is easy to name by the usage of modern imaging techniques ; X raies CT scan Magnetic resonance imagings scan Bone scan Extremity ultrasound However, in Tyrone Prothro fortunes, he was given an X-ray as this was the fastest technique to utilize and is the least expensive. X raies are high photon energy electromagnetic radiation which can be used in both diagnosing and therapy. As the beams pass thought the organic structure, the photons present in your organic structure are absorbed at different rates ; this is what produces the image. The stuffs in your organic structure which are heavy, like bone, show up as white countries on the image. The parts of your organic structure which are made of softer stuff, like musculuss and variety meats, show up as darker countries. X raies can be unsafe if the does given is excessively much for the organic structure, nevertheless, medical X raies are usually are a really little dose degree, intending the opportunity of radiation harm to your organic structure is little. Due to the manner in which Tyrone Prothro fractured his shinbone and calf bone, surgery had to be the option due to being the quickest option as without it, it would take old ages to mend or might ne'er mend and will invariably be in hurting. He had to acquire three separate surgeries due to the harm done to the tissue, nervus and blood vas harm. The physicians put an intramedullary rod in his leg which will aline the leg and aid to repair the break. The IM rod was inserted into the inside of the castanetss, where the bone marrow is present. This is the best manner to assist mend the broken shinbone and calf bone as it does non back up the bone ; alternatively it portions the burden with the bone. Rehabilitation of the broken shinbone and calf bone would be used to reconstruct the map of the limb, every bit best as possible and to cut down the uncomfortableness the patient is in. The patient may necessitate the usage of crutches, depending on the weight bearing place. The physician may besides make up one's mind if Tyrone would necessitate the usage of an orthopedic dramatis personae, which means the leg would be covered by plaster to make a shell type shell. This is to cut down the motion the injured limb to make which will diminish the healing clip. Once the dramatis personae has been removed, the patient will hold to see a physical therapist to recover strength and scope of gesture in the leg. However, it will ne'er be the same as what he had before the hurt. Both the shinbone and calf bone may get down to mend within 6 to 16 hebdomads of the hurt, but the capableness of the bone to prolong a heavy burden could take up to a twelvemonth, intending the injured may be is some kind of uncomfortableness until so.REHABILITATION VISITSNon-surgicalSpecialist Fracture, Tibia or Fibula Physical Therapist Up to 20 visits within 8 hebdomadsSurgicalSpecialist Fracture, Tibia or Fibula Physical Therapist Up to 16 visits within 8 hebdomads hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mdguidelines.com/fracture-tibia-or-fibula/rehabilitation The tabular array is how frequently you would hold to see a physical therapist if you had a broken shinbone and calf bone. Or Tyrone Prothro, surgery was the option, intending one time he was released from infirmary and ready, he would hold to see the physical therapist 16 times within the infinite of 8 hebdomads, means 2 times a hebdomad. Due to the harm that was done and his leg ne'er to the full retrieving, intending he was advised ne'er to play football once more, his calling finished. Prevention of athleticss hurts There are six stairss that are extremely of import to cut down the hazard of athleticss hurts ; Warm up Do non over do it Stay hydrated Using the right technique Use of the proper equipment Cool downSports businessThe athleticss profession that I have chosen to analyze in this unit is physiotherapy. Physiotherapy helps to reconstruct the map and motion in any portion of the organic structure where the homo has been consequence by a disablement, unwellness or hurt. This is usually done through motion, exercising and instruction. The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties ( ABPTS ) , province that there are 8 believable types of physical therapy ; Sports – This has to be the most common type of physical therapy, being used every twenty-four hours. It is the direction of hurts for all types of jocks, amateur to Olympian. It involves the intervention and healing of hurts. Orthopedic – This type helps to place and care for hurts or upsets of the musculoskeletal system. Pediatric – This type is all about bettering coordination and balance within a human every bit good as their motor accomplishments. It can besides be used to concentrate on strength and endurance. Worlds with conditions such as, spina bifida and intellectual paralysis. Normally this is used on kids and striplings. Cardiovascular and Pneumonic – This is for the intervention of worlds with cardiovascular and pneumonic upsets, every bit good as those who have had cardiac or pneumonic surgery such as, beltway surgery. This is used in worlds with the undermentioned upsets ; pneumonic fibrosis, CORD ( Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Disease ) , bosom onslaughts. Geriatric – This type of physical therapy is for the huge sum of conditions that affect worlds as they grow old and hence would merely be practiced on the aged. A few illustrations of the conditions are as follows ; Alzheimer ‘s disease, malignant neoplastic disease, arthritis and osteoporosis. Neurological – This type is practiced on those with a neurological upset such as, Alzheimer ‘s disease, intellectual paralysis, Parkinson ‘s disease and motor neurone disease Clinical electrophysiology – This type usually is used with electrophysiological rating where an EMG ( electromyography ) is used. Integumentary – This is used as a intervention for tegument and organ conditions like Burnss and lesions.University degreePhysiotherapy is degree based calling, intending you have to travel through university if you wish to go a physical therapist. University of Ulster is the lone university in Northern Ireland to offer a grade, specifically, a BSc Hons in physical therapy. ‘The university provinces that appliers must ; Keep a GCSE base on balls in English Language at Grade C or above ( or equivalent ) .A You must besides hold obtained a GCSE base on balls in Mathematicss at grade C or above ( or equivalent ) .A degreeGrades BBB to include one scientific discipline topic from Biology, Chemistry, Maths, Physics or Double Award Applied ScienceA ( with a BB in Double Award Applied Science ) .Irish Leaving CertificateB2B2B3B3B3 at higher degree – to include two topics from Maths, Physics, Biology or Chemistry. English and Maths Grade D at Higher Level or Grade C at Ordinary Level.BTEC National DiplomaSuccessful completion of a scientific discipline related BTEC National Diploma with a DDM profile.A Base on balls with overall norm of 70 – 71 % to include 70 % in each concluding twelvemonth faculty. Concluding twelvemonth faculties must include 2 from the followers: – Mathematicss ( with maths to be presented at degree 3 ) , Biology, Physics, Chemistry. Applicants must besides sit the Health Professions Admissions Test consequences in a satisfactory public presentation in the HPAT. Equally good as proving all campaigners are required to undergo a medical scrutiny and condemnable records cheque ( AccessNI ) . ‘ hypertext transfer protocol: //prospectus.ulster.ac.uk/course/ ? id=9773 BSc Hons in Physiotherapy is a three twelvemonth class consequences in peoples run intoing the demand of physical therapists in the current wellness attention system, the NHS or via private patterns. In each of the three old ages you study ;Year 1Development of professional individuality and professionalism – ‘Knowledge and Skills for Professional Practice ‘ , and ‘Communication and Psychology for the Health Sciences ‘ . An apprehension of nucleus topics: Physiology and, Structure, Function and Assessment of the Human Body. Specific accomplishments are taught with respect to cardio-respiratory, galvanism, walking rehabilitation and curative exercising. Students undertake a one hebdomad orientation and a six hebdomad clinical arrangement.Year 2Neurological rehabilitation. Spinal disfunction and rehabilitation. Musculoskeletal. Pediatricss. Oncology. Amputation rehabilitation. Students undertake two six hebdomad clinical arrangements.Year 3Cardio-respiratory and professional issues develop consciousness of the function of the physical therapist within the multidisciplinary squad and in a altering clinical environment. Students undertake an fact-finding undertaking or thesis Students undertake two six hebdomad clinical arrangements. hypertext transfer protocol: //prospectus.ulster.ac.uk/course/ ? id=9773Professional AdministrationsOnce you have completed the class, you leave with a BSc ( Bachelor of Science ) in Physiotherapy and are hence eligible for ‘registration with the Health and Care Professions Council ( HCPC ) , this was set up with the Health Service reform 2002 and rank of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy ( CSP ) . As a physical therapy pupil at the University of Ulster, they recommend that you join CSP every bit shortly as possible with rank being a one off payment.Personal QualitiesAs a physical therapist it is of import that they are fit and healthy, to put an illustration to your clients. Good communicating and societal accomplishments are cardinal to guarantee a good relationship between the healer and the patient. Tolerance and forbearance is an of import quality, due to this being a really manus on calling.CareersBeyond obtaining the BSc in physical therapy, you can either travel into a calling or make a graduate student grade, MSc which is a Maestro of Science. The University of Ulster offers Physiotherapy at MSc degree. If one does non desire to travel on to make a graduate student grade so it is possible to travel into the universe of work, the possibilities are eternal with physical therapy due to the huge sums of athleticss played in the universe or any other types of physical thera py ( ABPTS ) are needed on a day-to-day footing.NHS V. Private CareThere are assorted occupations available on the NHS ( National Health Service ) and private practicians, both of which are extremely regarded. With the NHS based occupations, they would be working in a infirmary environment and are needed in most of the sections ; Outpatients Intensive attention Women ‘s wellness Care of the aged Stroke patients Orthopedicss Mental unwellness Learning troubles Occupational wellness Terminally ill Pediatricss This means that they will invariably be on the clocked and needed for assorted things. Physical therapists do non merely work in the infirmary environing ; they would work in assorted environments ; Industry Particular schools The private sector ( for illustration, private pattern ) Education Leisure & A ; athletics For physical therapists that are in the private sector would work in the same rules as those on the NHS, nevertheless, the private subdivision physios will hold to be paid for. There are three sets for physical therapists on the NHS, all have a different wage ; 21,176 – ?27,534 ( band 5 ) 25,472 – ?34,189 for specializer physical therapists ( band 6 ) 30,460 – ?40,157 for advanced physical therapists ( band 7 ) The physical therapists that work in the private sector will by and large hold the same wage as those on the NHS. Medical Physics – Roger Muncaster hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/sports-injuries/Pages/Introduction.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sportsmd.com/sportsmd_articles/id/347.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/od/glossary/g/acute_def.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //orthopedics.about.com/cs/sprainsstrains/a/sprain.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.howtotreatasprainedankle.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/sprained-ankle-pic.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.examples10.com/e/ligaments/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umm.edu/graphics/images/en/19618.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //emedicine.medscape.com/article/88153-overview hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp? articlekey=135557 & A ; ref=132720 hypertext transfer protocol: //images.emedicinehealth.com/images/healthwise/medical/hw/n5550698.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.empowher.com/files/ebsco/images/si55550720.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.chanorthopaedics.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/type-of-fracture.gif hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/173312.php hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nsmi.org.uk/articles/overuse-injuries.html hypertext transfer protocol: //img.webmd.boots.com/dtmcms/live/webmd_uk/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_and_medical_reference/joints_bones_and_muscles/arthritis_tennis_elbow.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.webmd.boots.com/osteoarthritis/guide/tennis-elbow hypertext transfer protocol: //davidrobertsphysio.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/golferselbow.gif hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sdri.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/ITBS1-201Ãâ€"300.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/iliotibial_band_syndrome/article.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //0.tqn.com/f/p/440/graphics/images/en/19482.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/b/2007/08/21/shin-splints.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/shin-splints/Pages/Introduction.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //blog.al.com/rapsheet/2009/04/medium_t1_proth_si.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.manlyweb.com/sports/injuries/prothro.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //medical.cdn.patient.co.uk/images/i77_l.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.freemd.com/tibia-fracture/overview.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //image.sciencesource.com/photos/preview/7w/7w2937.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teachpe.com/multi/dr_abc.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.freemd.com/tibia-fracture/evaluation.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/rehab/a/rice.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.body-dynamics.co.uk/rice.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/conditions/x-ray/pages/introduction.aspx hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tyroneprothro.com/news.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00525F02.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //orthopedics.about.com/cs/brokenbones/g/imrod.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mdguidelines.com/fracture-tibia-or-fibula/rehabilitation hypertext transfer protocol: //www.louisbarnett.com/leg-cast.jpg hypertext transfer protocol: //sportsmedicine.about.com/cs/injuryprevention/a/aa101801a.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sports-injuries/Pages/Prevention.aspx