A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System

A Definition and Introduction to the Keiretsu System In Japanese, the word keiretsu can be  translated to mean group or system, but its relevance in economics far surpasses this seemingly simple translation. It has also been literally translated to mean headless combine, which highlights the keiretsu systems history and relationship to previous Japanese systems like that of the zaibatsu. In Japan and now throughout the field of economics, the word  keiretsu refers to a specific type of business partnership, alliance, or extended enterprise. In other words, a keiretsu is an informal business group. A keiretsu has generally been defined in practice as a  conglomeration of businesses associated with cross-shareholdings which are  formed around their own trading companies or large banks. But  equity ownership is not a prerequisite for keiretsu formation. In fact, a keiretsu can also be a business network of comprised of manufacturers, supply chain partners, distributors, and even financiers, who are all financially independent but who work very closely together to support and ensure mutual success. Two Types of Keiretsu There are essentially two types of keiretsus, which have been  described in English as horizontal and vertical keiretsus. A horizontal keiretsu, also known as a financial keiretsu, is characterized by the cross-shareholding relationships formed between firms which are centered around a major bank. The bank will provide these companies with a variety of financial services. A vertical keiretsu, on the other hand, is known as a jump-style keiretsu or an industrial keiretsu. Vertical keiretsus tie together in partnership the suppliers, manufacturers, and distributor of an industry. Why Form a Keiretsu? A keiretsu may provide  a manufacturer the ability to form stable, long-term business partnerships which ultimately permit the manufacturer to remain lean and efficient while focusing mainly on its core business. The formation of this type of partnership is a practice that permits a large keiretsu the capability to control a majority, if not all, steps in the economic chain in their industry or business sector. Another aim of keiretsu systems is the formation of powerful corporate structure across related businesses. When member firms of a keiretsu are associated through cross-shareholdings, which is to say that they own small portions of equity in each others businesses, they remain somewhat insulated from market fluctuations, volatility, and even business takeover attempts. With the stability provided by the keiretsu system, firms can focus on efficiency, innovation, and long-term projects. History of Keiretsu System in Japan In Japan, the keiretsu system specifically refers to the framework of business relationships that arose in post-World War II Japan after the fall of the family-owned vertical monopolies that controlled much of the economy known as zaibatsu. The keiretsu system joined Japans big banks and big firms when related companies organized around a big bank (like Mitsui, Mitsubishi, and Sumitomo) and took ownership of equity in one another and in the bank. As a result, those related companies did consistent business with one another. While the keiretsu system has had the virtue of maintaining long-term business relationships and stability in suppliers and customers in Japan, there are still critics. For instance, some argue that the keiretsu system has the disadvantage of reacting slowly to outside events since the players are partly protected from the external market. More Research Resources Related to the Keiretsu System Japans keiretsu system: the case of the automobile industryThe Japanese keiretsu system: an empirical analysis

Ida essays

Ida essays Into The World There Came A Soul Called Ida was painted by Ivan Albright. The central figure is Ida. Ida is holding a mirror while sitting in a wicker chair. Idas oval shaped face is framed by gray, wavy, chin length hair, that is parted down the middle. Ids hairstyle reveals a large forehead that has a crease which cuts across the entire width of her forehead. Idas eyes are sunken inward, which exaggerates the crease of her eyebrows. The fleshes under Idas eyes are puffy with layers of wrinkles. Idas cheeks sag as if her cheeks belong on a bloodhound, The bridge of Idas nose is divided by a fold of skin, therefore making Idas nose appear small. Idas lips are thin and closed tight: she has wrinkles on the corner of each side of her mouth. Time has not just taken toll on Idas face but also her body. Idas dressed in a blue flimsy nightgown and a purple wrap that hangs open. The nightgown is cut low, and covers the trunk of her body, but little else. The nightgown cannot hide the rolls of her stomach or the sagginess of her breast. She sits in a worn wicker chair that has legs that are bent outward from holding her weight. Ida has corpulent and dimpled legs that look like the skin of an orange. Her feet protrude out of the top of her high-heeled shoes, and her ankles are camouflaged by the bumpiness of her legs. There is more to Ida than simple physical descriptions, However, I believe Ida was once a wealthy lady, who lost her fortune. There is a great sadness to her, hopelessness hangs in her eyes. Her face has a despairing question of Now what? She sits in her chair and applies powder to herself as if she has done it a thousand times before. Idas face does not reflect any pleasure from putting on the powder, she act as thought it is just a part of her daily routine. Idas dresser is covered in a worn lace runner and ...

Transportation Before, During & After the Industrial Revolution (if Essay

Transportation Before, During & After the Industrial Revolution (if you have a better idea please feel free to use it) - Essay Example 213) wrote, mankind has used these five machines –lever, wedge, wheel and axle, pulley, and screw – for many years. What happened shortly before and during the industrial revolution was that scientists and inventors found ways to combine these machines, control their use, and improve the efficiency in the way these machines worked. The keys to these (Van Doren, 1991, p. 214-215) were the works of great scientists – Galileo, Descartes, and Newton in the 17th and early 18th centuries – that explained why and how these simple machines did what they did. On top of this radical way of thinking, a process now known as the scientific method, were built the early inventions of Arkwright (water frame), Hargreaves (spinning jenny), Crompton (weaving), Whitney (cotton gin), and others whose machines were powered by the steam engine, developed in England by Newcomen, Watt, and Trevithick and in the United States by Evans (Bergen, 2006). The industrial revolution was marked by changes in several aspects of ordinary life: the way people worked, where and how they lived, the new uses for raw materials mined under the earth, the creation of wealth, and how the money was stored and spent. From the etymology (OED, 2001) of the word â€Å"transport†, which combines the Latin words trans meaning â€Å"across† and portare meaning â€Å"to carry†, we propose a general definition of the transport industry as one that exists and develops to meet the growing needs of people to move themselves and their goods from one place to another. Movement or motion is one of the signs of life, and our human history chronicles the movements of peoples for different reasons: escaping from natural disasters, searching for greener pastures, trading with other people, or invading peoples and territories for enslavement, preservation of territorial peace, or the accumulation of power, among other possible reasons. In each of these examples, people moved their bodies and the things

Health and Quality Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Health and Quality Care Administration - Essay Example Customer focus contributes to CQI because it emphasizes on the satisfaction of the customer in assessing the performance of the institution. The customer usually has high expectations of quality in healthcare service, and focusing on them in order to measure the performance of an institution is a sure way of establishing CQI. In order to assist in establishing CQI, systems view takes into consideration the entire system or process that gives the service or affects the results in the CQI process. It takes a holistic view of the system and determines where improvements need to be made in order to reach CQI. Data driven or evidence-based analysis contributes to CQI in the sense that it focuses on objective data in order to establish the status of the institution. It focuses on what the institution actually did or did not do to assist or deter it from establishing CQI. Implementer involvement takes into account the executors and owners of the system in order to understand the delivery of services. Through this element, the people involved in the implementation of the system are assessed on their role in reaching CQI. In establishing CQI, multiple causation takes into account all possible causes of phenomena seen in the institution. Through this element, it is possible to determine the causes of problems in an institution in order to ultimately avoid encountering these same problems in the future. Solution identification helps establish simultaneous improvements to what would have been independent functions in the system. Through solution identification, problems in the implementation of quality healthcare services which normally are diverse and independent of each other are addressed and solved as related items. In process optimization, precedents in the delivery of services are disregarded. Through this strategy, CQI is achieved because it

INTB-3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

INTB-3000 - Essay Example It is also seen that rise in employment would significantly improve the spending power the people and thereby help improve the overall economic situation. But while, Keynes’ was emphatic that economic reforms must be accompanied by lower interest rates so that small businessmen an cope with the financial burden with more latitude, Krugman has been conspicuously silent on this issue of the stimulus package. The blue print of economic reforms has profusely claimed that the huge public investment on development of new technology, improved public transport system, healthcare and education would greatly facilitate increase jobs, improve prospects of new business opportunities for entrepreneurs and help the government in reining the falling economy. But the fact that Krugman and government both have not specified the various checks and controls for the disbursement of the stimulus package has become a huge concern for the people at

The New Satellite Technology Media Essay

The New Satellite Technology Media Essay Apart from the military or intelligence gathering usage the satellite technology can be put to a number of uses, which are socially, economically and politically acceptable. The new satellite technology leads to broadening of broadcasting and telecommunication services. It has lead to free television services across the world. Through satellite dishes people can look at hundreds of free channels. Free Air Satellite technology is modern way of viewing television free. Apart from the entertainment tool it can also be an effective education tool, particularly for the remote areas where public schools do not exist. With FTA technology you do not pay any monthly fees; there is only one time expenditure of putting a satellite dish. Free to Air satellite technology can help you learn more about the other cultures and languages and with the diverse selection of channels you have at your fingertips, there are a variety of things to learn from. There are a number of channels catering to the di fferent languages, like French, Spanish, Arabic and English. We can select the channel of our choice and language. Satellite telephones are another result of latest satellite technology. They are called ISAT phones and provide unlimited global connectivity and access to global data to individual clients, businessmen, travelers and tourists. They use the satellite and GSM network and easy to use and depend on the area and location. IsatPhone can be used within Asia, Africa and the Middle East using Inmarsatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s latest generation l-4 satellite, which are most advanced commercial communications satellites ever launched supporting IP data services at broadband speeds and simultaneous voice. Latest satellite technology is used to track the movement of fishes in the oceans and wild animals on land. The movement of blue tuna fish across the ocean. A pop off satellite tag technology is used to investigate the Atlantic-wide movements and potential stock overlap of western and eastern Atlantic bluefin tuna. This technology is also used to archives data on water temperatures. The pop off satellite technology provides data, which is independent of commercial fisheries. Satellite technology also provides space junk tracking. Space satellite monitor and provide information on and track many thousand pieces of junk. U.S. Strategic Command monitors these, which is where the Space Based Space Surveillance Block 10 satellite comes in. There are estimated 19,000 pieces of junk constantly under the eyes of the US Strategic Command, many of them the size of a golf ball. The new satellite technology hopefully provides significantly more accuracy when it comes to tracking possible threats to orbiting platforms. It is will provide an integral tool to watch towards understanding what is going on in the space. Satellite technology also provides space junk tracking. Space satellite monitors and provides information on and tracks many thousand pieces of junk. U.S. Strategic Command monitors these, which is where the Space Based Space Surveillance Block 10 satellite comes in. There are estimated 19,000 pieces of junk constantly under the eyes of the US Strategic Command, many of them the size of a golf ball. The new satellite technology hopefully provides significantly more accuracy when it comes to tracking possible threats to orbiting platforms. It is will provide an integral tool to watch towards understanding what is going on in the space. There is increased focus on this problem since a U.S. communications satellite collided with a defunct Russian intelligence platform 500 miles above Siberia in early February, resulting in extra 1,000 pieces of orbiting junk being flung in all directions. There is high concern for possible human cost of this type of fall out. Advance satellite technolog y is used by U.S. Strategic Command, it is monitoring an estimated 13,000 pieces of junk measuring more than 30 feet, and while a further 100,000 pieces below four inches are also thought to be in constant orbit. New satellite technology in Europe also promises to dramatically lower the costs of satellite bandwidth, potentially bridging the digital divide and enabling satellites to deliver TV, internet and telephony services via satellite. It is estimated that nearly 10% of the European population, or 30m people, are too isolated to be covered by landline broadband services and, so far, no viable solution has presented itself. It is hoped that with this new wifi satellite technology the gap would be filled and hopefully it can be cheaper as well. The Euro funded IMOSAN solved many of the technical hurdles facing widespread satellite adoption for triple-play services. Another service, which new satellite technology is exploring is the use of portable satellite antenna. New satellite technology is exploring the possibility to provide use of portable satellite antenna. This internet service helps the military in Afghanistan. W6 satellites are used to serve Afghan market, which also includes soldiers stationed in Afghanistan. It is a broadband service, which offers two-way high-speed Internet access without phone lines, cable or dial-up modem. It is always on line, available virtually anywhere and affordable. Most soldiers deploy to Afghanistan or other remote locations with a laptop in hand and a hook-up to the Internet in their barracks can stay in touch with their family and children, and feel less cut off from home. Troops in Afghanistan use the Internet a lot for professional tasks and this new satellite technology has helped them to get in touch with many online communities composed of military professionals. This would have not been possible without this new satellite technology. New satellite technology has played an important role in development of digital and online journalism. Improvements and advancements in satellite technology have enabled scientists to produce and transmit images live across various news mediums from even highly remote areas such as war zones. This form of technology is called Satellite News Gathering Technology or SNG and it uses mobile equipment for news casting. Mobile units are usually vans equipped with advanced, two-way audio and video transmitters and receivers, using dish antennas that can be aimed at geostationary satellites

Essay --

        Chemistry is vitally important in our understanding physiology. The molecule of my choice for this final exam is Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are originated as the outcome of photosynthesis, the condensation of carbon dioxide that requires light energy and chlorophyll pigment. Carbohydrates are a huge source of something called metabolic energy, which can be found in plants which help feed our animals.   Carbohydrates are found in sugars and starches but they have another purpose which is called cellulose which helps transport the compound ATP. Carbs are called saccharides and if they are considered sugars. The complexity of carbohydrates which are monosaccharides and complex carbs which consist of polysaccharides disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Carbohydrates represent the main source of energy for the human body. All carbs can be broken down into sugars and absorbed into our intestines and blood stream. Your body uses the glucose formed as fuel for energy. Different carbs digest and break down at different rates. When our blood sugar levels increase our pancreas pumps insulin into our blood stream. Simple carbs turn into glucose faster where complex carbs slowly turn into glucose. The foods we eat that contain carbohydrates cause our blood sugar levels to increase, transporter proteins push the glucose into our muscles, liver cells and fat where our bodies store or end up using the glucose. The cells in our bodies can’t directly use the glucose, so it has to be converted into molecules that cells then use as an energy source. One of the most important molecule for energy storing is the adenosine triphosphate known as ATP. When our cells contain oxygen it can then turn glucose into the ATP molecules using some chemical rea... ...gy from. Without carbs your body cant store fat, that is why people end up going on no carb diets. Throughout the process of glycolysis glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water, making a big quantity of ATP which is what makes energy. Glycogen is found in animals liver as an emergency energy supply. The sugars that basis the structures of DNA and RNA are ribose and deoxyribose which are other important carbohydrates. When we drink milk the carbohydrate is lactose formed from glucose and galactose. Some ways our bodies can get carbohydrates can be found in whole grains, vegetables and dry beans, sugars from fruits and natural foods are a healthy carbohydrate that our body processes fast. The bad carbohydrates we consume such as processed foods and empty calorie foods cause glucose to process slowly in our bodies.